CONCEPT OF AUTOMATION
Topic -I
AUTOMATION
Derived from Greek Word “Automatos”
Automatos means self acting
Started in 1940 by US automobile industry for handling of parts'
Till 1950 used on small scale for simple shape items with help of mechanical devices
After that used on large scale with help of computers
DEFINITION OF AUTOMATIONIt is a process of following a sequence of predetermined operations with little or no human involvement using
specialized equipment and devices that perform and control manufacturing process.
DEFINITION OF AUTOMATION
A process in industry where various production and controlling functions are converted from a manual
process to an automated process.
SOCIAL ISSUES OF AUTOMATION
1) Impact on employment/unemployment
•Decrease in jobs of Manufacturing
•Increase in jobs of IT sector
•Decrease in jobs of Unskilled and Semi-skilled Workers
•Increase in jobs of Skilled Worker.
SOCIAL ISSUES CONTINUE
2) Better working Conditions
3) Better safety of workers
Controlled temperature and humidity, dust free environment
4) High Standard of LivingAutomatic loading, unloading of parts Increased productivity High quality less price
MECHANIZATION
Replacement of human effort only
On the expense of machine power
Improve productivity
MECHANIZATION VS. AUTOMATION
Replacement of human effort as well as thinking
On the expense of computers and machines
Create jobs for skilled workers
TYPES OF AUTOMATION
Fixed Automation (Hard Auto)
Programmable Automation
Flexible Automation (Soft Auto)
VARIETY VS. QUANTITY FOR AUTOMATION
Flexible Automation Variety Programmable Automation Fixed Automation Quantity.
FIXED AUTOMATION
Sequence of operation fixed
High production Rate
Very Little Variation in Variety
PROGRAMMABLE AUTOMATION
Sequence of Operations can be changed
Time consuming
reprogramming of machine
rearrangement of setup of machines
new fixtures
FLEXIBLE AUTOMATION
Equipment is designed to manufacture a variety of product.
Very little time consuming for shifting from on product to another.
LOW COST AUTOMATION(LCA)
Technology that create some degree of automation around existing equipment, tools, methods, people by using standard components available in market with low investment so that pay back period is small.
No change in basic setup of machines
Activities like loading, clamping, machining, welding, forming, assembly, packaging etc.
BENEFITS OF AUTOMATION
To increase
To improve
labor productivity
profits of a company
worker safety
To reduce
To mitigate the effects of labor shortages
product quality
manufacturing lead time
labor cost
EXAMPLE OF AUTOMATION
Example: Automobile and Truck Pistons used to be installed into engines manually. Error Rate with
Manual Installation was 1-1.5%. But with Automation it was improved to 0.00001 %. i.e One in 10,000.
DRAWBACKS OF AUTOMATION
High Initial investment
High Cost of Skilled worker
Labor Resistance
• Some jobs are lost with automation.
• E.g. Fiat reduced its workforce from 1,38,000 to 72,000 in nine years by investing in robots.
Topic -I
AUTOMATION
Derived from Greek Word “Automatos”
Automatos means self acting
Started in 1940 by US automobile industry for handling of parts'
Till 1950 used on small scale for simple shape items with help of mechanical devices
After that used on large scale with help of computers
DEFINITION OF AUTOMATIONIt is a process of following a sequence of predetermined operations with little or no human involvement using
specialized equipment and devices that perform and control manufacturing process.
DEFINITION OF AUTOMATION
A process in industry where various production and controlling functions are converted from a manual
process to an automated process.
SOCIAL ISSUES OF AUTOMATION
1) Impact on employment/unemployment
•Decrease in jobs of Manufacturing
•Increase in jobs of IT sector
•Decrease in jobs of Unskilled and Semi-skilled Workers
•Increase in jobs of Skilled Worker.
SOCIAL ISSUES CONTINUE
2) Better working Conditions
3) Better safety of workers
Controlled temperature and humidity, dust free environment
4) High Standard of LivingAutomatic loading, unloading of parts Increased productivity High quality less price
MECHANIZATION
Replacement of human effort only
On the expense of machine power
Improve productivity
MECHANIZATION VS. AUTOMATION
Replacement of human effort as well as thinking
On the expense of computers and machines
Create jobs for skilled workers
TYPES OF AUTOMATION
Fixed Automation (Hard Auto)
Programmable Automation
Flexible Automation (Soft Auto)
VARIETY VS. QUANTITY FOR AUTOMATION
Flexible Automation Variety Programmable Automation Fixed Automation Quantity.
FIXED AUTOMATION
Sequence of operation fixed
High production Rate
Very Little Variation in Variety
PROGRAMMABLE AUTOMATION
Sequence of Operations can be changed
Time consuming
reprogramming of machine
rearrangement of setup of machines
new fixtures
FLEXIBLE AUTOMATION
Equipment is designed to manufacture a variety of product.
Very little time consuming for shifting from on product to another.
LOW COST AUTOMATION(LCA)
Technology that create some degree of automation around existing equipment, tools, methods, people by using standard components available in market with low investment so that pay back period is small.
No change in basic setup of machines
Activities like loading, clamping, machining, welding, forming, assembly, packaging etc.
BENEFITS OF AUTOMATION
To increase
To improve
labor productivity
profits of a company
worker safety
To reduce
To mitigate the effects of labor shortages
product quality
manufacturing lead time
labor cost
EXAMPLE OF AUTOMATION
Example: Automobile and Truck Pistons used to be installed into engines manually. Error Rate with
Manual Installation was 1-1.5%. But with Automation it was improved to 0.00001 %. i.e One in 10,000.
DRAWBACKS OF AUTOMATION
High Initial investment
High Cost of Skilled worker
Labor Resistance
• Some jobs are lost with automation.
• E.g. Fiat reduced its workforce from 1,38,000 to 72,000 in nine years by investing in robots.
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